{
  "as_of": "2025-12",
  "name": "Province-level cross-regional and cross-provincial wiring: who sends, who receives",
  "source": "China Electricity Council (CEC), \"China Electric Power Industry Annual Development Report 2025\" (released 2025-07-10); National Energy Administration (NEA) / Guangming Daily, 2026-01-09; SASAC (State Grid), 2026-06-01; China News Service (chinanews.com.cn), 2026-01-30; People's Daily China Energy News, 2025-10; Beijing Microscope (Beijing Xianweijing) compilation",
  "sources": [
    "https://www.cctd.com.cn/show-19-250559-1.html",
    "https://www.nea.gov.cn/20260109/b7b32f9ae65f417886574d3a3ccd5c1c/c.html",
    "http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c35440043/content.html",
    "https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/01-30/10562308.shtml",
    "https://www.scio.gov.cn/xwfb/dfxwfb/gssfbh/nmg_13830/202602/t20260202_948707.html",
    "https://paper.people.com.cn/zgnyb/pc/content/202510/20/content_30110900.html"
  ],
  "national_aggregate": {
    "cross_region_twh_2024": 924.2,
    "cross_region_exact": true,
    "cross_region_growth_2024": "+8.8%",
    "cross_province_twh_2024": 1995.1,
    "cross_province_growth_2024": "+7.0%",
    "note": "CEC Annual Development Report 2025: 2024 cross-regional and cross-provincial transmitted electricity (higher-level authority; the West-to-East Power Transmission corridor figures below are the dynamic sub-component)"
  },
  "send_side": {
    "heading": "The senders — abundant-power west & north",
    "provinces": [
      {
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "rank": "No. 1 provincial exporter nationwide",
        "annual_export_twh_2025": 227.7,
        "exact": true,
        "growth": "No. 1 provincial grid for 3 years running (State Grid East Inner Mongolia, 2025)",
        "detail": "Eastern Inner Mongolia exported 227.7 TWh in 2025; the Western Inner Mongolia-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ±800kV UHV DC line is under construction, the first export corridor for the desert mega-bases (沙戈荒) (Kubuqi 12 GW → North China, 2027). By then Inner Mongolia as a whole will have a 'four AC, four DC' (四交四直) export grid of more than 50 GW. Inner Mongolia's installed new-energy capacity reached 174.1 GW (end-March), 3.4× the level at the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and 54% of the region's total."
      },
      {
        "name": "Yunnan",
        "rank": "Hydro mainstay of the southern corridor",
        "annual_export_twh_2025": null,
        "exact": false,
        "growth": "Cumulative West-to-East Power Transmission deliveries passed 2,000 TWh (2025-10)",
        "detail": "'Four horizontal, four vertical, one hub' 500kV backbone grid; 10 DC circuits for long-distance, high-capacity West-to-East Power Transmission. In 2025 Yunnan's hydro generation rose about 6% year on year and its new-energy generation 14% (abundant water inflows boosted the southern corridor)."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sichuan",
        "rank": "Southwest exporter (hydro)",
        "annual_export_twh_2025": null,
        "exact": false,
        "growth": "Sichuan-Chongqing 1000kV AC line in operation; southwest main grid raised to 1000kV",
        "detail": "The hydro mainstay of the central West-to-East corridor; commissioning of the Sichuan-Chongqing UHV AC project raised the Southwest Grid's main-grid voltage from 500kV to 1000kV (each circuit can carry more than 35 TWh a year)."
      },
      {
        "name": "Shanxi / Shaanxi",
        "rank": "Northern coal-power exporters",
        "annual_export_twh_2025": null,
        "exact": false,
        "growth": "Exports are mainly coal power plus new energy",
        "detail": "Scarce, in-demand export capacity serves Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and East China; green power is a low share of deliveries (nationwide, new energy is about 18% of cross-provincial channel deliveries)."
      }
    ],
    "renewable_share_note": "Nationwide, new energy is about 18% of the electricity delivered over cross-provincial and cross-regional channels (CEC / China Energy Industry Development Network)"
  },
  "receive_side": {
    "heading": "The receivers — load-center east & south",
    "provinces": [
      {
        "name": "Guangdong",
        "rank": "Top receiver on the southern corridor / first province with a 160 GW load",
        "annual_import_twh_2025": 261.5,
        "exact": true,
        "growth": "China Southern Power Grid West-to-East deliveries: 261.5 TWh in 2025, a record (+31 TWh vs 2020)",
        "detail": "Inflexible demand driven by the digital economy and advanced manufacturing in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; Guangdong became the first province in China whose power load passed 160 GW. Over the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), China Southern Power Grid's West-to-East deliveries totaled 1,140 TWh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei / East China",
        "rank": "Receiving end of the northern and central corridors",
        "annual_import_twh_2025": null,
        "exact": false,
        "growth": "Terminus of the northern and inland corridors",
        "detail": "Landing point of the 12 GW Kubuqi line (Western Inner Mongolia-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei); Zhejiang's 1000kV AC ring grid broke ground in 2026-04 ('one ring, four DC lines'; south-to-north transfer capacity rises from 10 GW to 20 GW, supporting a 180 GW peak load by the end of the 15th Five-Year Plan, +40% vs 2025)."
      }
    ]
  },
  "channels": [
    {
      "name": "Southern corridor",
      "path": "Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau → Guangxi → Guangdong (+Hainan)",
      "led_by": "China Southern Power Grid",
      "key_figures": "2025 West-to-East deliveries 261.5 TWh (record); 14th Five-Year Plan cumulative 1,140 TWh; 30-year cumulative past 3,000 TWh (2025-07)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Northern corridor",
      "path": "Inner Mongolia / Shanxi / Shaanxi → Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei → East China",
      "led_by": "State Grid",
      "key_figures": "Eastern Inner Mongolia 2025 exports 227.7 TWh (No. 1 provincial grid); Western Inner Mongolia-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ±800kV (12 GW, Kubuqi, 2027); Inner Mongolia's future 'four AC, four DC' export grid above 50 GW"
    },
    {
      "name": "Central corridor",
      "path": "Sichuan → eastern Central China / East China",
      "led_by": "State Grid",
      "key_figures": "Sichuan-Chongqing 1000kV AC in operation (southwest main grid stepped up to 1000kV); mainstay of the central West-to-East corridor"
    }
  ],
  "north_channel_detail": {
    "note": "Inner Mongolia is the single biggest stake — send-side dominance locks in the need for new 15th Five-Year Plan UHV DC lines.",
    "im_capacity_gw_end15th_plan": 50,
    "im_export_gw_target_note": "'Four AC, four DC' exports above 50 GW (after 2027)",
    "im_newenergy_installed_gw_2026q1": 174.1,
    "im_newenergy_share_2026q1_pct": 54
  },
  "headline_pairs": [
    {
      "pair": "Inner Mongolia → Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei / East China",
      "type": "Northern corridor",
      "export_twh_2025": 227.7,
      "corridor_gw": 50
    },
    {
      "pair": "Yunnan / Guizhou → Guangdong",
      "type": "Southern corridor",
      "export_twh_2025": 261.5,
      "corridor_gw": null
    },
    {
      "pair": "Sichuan → eastern Central China / East China",
      "type": "Central corridor",
      "export_twh_2025": null,
      "corridor_gw": null
    }
  ],
  "caveats": [
    "Cross-regional (924.2 TWh) and cross-provincial (1,995.1 TWh) deliveries are the CEC annual totals; they include intra-region provincial flows, so they are larger than the headline West-to-East Power Transmission corridors. Do not conflate.",
    "Guangdong's 261.5 TWh is China Southern Power Grid's total West-to-East delivery (all southern channels), not only Yunnan-Guangdong.",
    "Inner Mongolia's 227.7 TWh is the exports of the State Grid East Inner Mongolia utility — the No. 1 provincial grid; whole-province exports are higher, but the eastern Inner Mongolia figure is the cleanest single published 'No. 1 provincial grid' number.",
    "Some regional send figures (Sichuan, Shanxi / Shaanxi) are qualitative (direction + ledger role) rather than a single annual kWh — exact 2025 per-province export kWh not uniformly published; labeled exact:false where only direction is sourced.",
    "15th Five-Year Plan targets ('four AC, four DC' at 50 GW; Western Inner Mongolia-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei by 2027) are published plans/pipeline, not yet-committed capacity."
  ],
  "highlights": [
    "National aggregate: 2024 cross-regional deliveries of 924.2 TWh (+8.8%) and cross-provincial deliveries of 1,995.1 TWh (+7.0%) — the two authoritative ladder totals (CEC Annual Development Report 2025).",
    "Send-side dominance is northern: State Grid East Inner Mongolia exported 227.7 TWh in 2025, the No. 1 provincial grid nationwide for the third year running.",
    "The southern West-to-East flow hit a record 261.5 TWh in 2025 (+31 TWh vs 2020), lifting the Greater Bay Area load center — Guangdong became the first province with a 160 GW peak load.",
    "Inner Mongolia's stake locks in the 15th Five-Year Plan UHV build: Kubuqi 12 GW → Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on the Western Inner Mongolia-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ±800kV line (2027), then a 'four AC, four DC' export grid topping 50 GW.",
    "On the receive side, Zhejiang's 1000kV AC ring grid (construction started 2026-04) will double south-to-north transfer capacity from 10 to 20 GW to hold a 180 GW peak by the end of the 15th Five-Year Plan."
  ],
  "generated_at": "2026-10-14T10:17:16"
}